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Math Functions

JavaScript's Math functions are built-in tools that help you do math tasks easily and accurately in your code. They handle common operations like rounding, finding the highest or lowest number, calculating powers and square roots, and more. This makes your code shorter, faster, and less error-prone.

There are Math Function in JS :

  • toFixed( )
  • Math.ceil(x)
  • Math.floor(x)
  • Math.round(x)
  • Math.pow(x,y)
  • Math.abs(x)
  • Math.min(x)
  • Math.max(x)
  • Math.sqrt(x)
  1. toFixed() : The toFixed() method is used to format a number with a fixed number of decimal places and return it as a string. It allows you to control the precision of a floating-point number by specifying how many decimal places you want to keep.

Syntax :

number.toFixed(digits)

number : The number you want to format.
digits : The number of decimal places to keep in the result.

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>toFixed Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const number = 10.6422773427;
      const formattedNum = number.toFixed(2);
      console.log(formattedNum);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

10.64

Example Explanation :

In the above example, we create one variable that name is numberand assigned the value 10.6422773427. This value is a floating-point number and also create one another variable that name is formattedNum. It is assigned the result of calling the toFixed(2) method on the number variable. console.log(formattedNum);the formattedNum variable to the print console. The original number, 10.6422773427, is rounded to two decimal places, resulting in 10.64, and that value is logged to the console.

screenshot1
  1. Math.ceil(x) : The Math.ceil() method rounds a number rounded UP to the nearest integer.

Syntax :

Math.ceil(x);

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Ceil Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.ceil(3.2);
      console.log("Ceiling value = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Ceiling value = 4

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.ceil(3.2) is used to calculate the ceiling value of the number 3.2. The Math.ceil() function rounds up a number to the nearest greater or equal to integer value. In this example, 3.2 is closer to 4 than 3, the output will be 4.

  1. Math.floor(x) : The Math.floor() method rounds a number DOWN to the nearest integer.

Syntax :

Math.floor(x);

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Floor Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.floor(3.2);
      console.log("Floor value = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Floor value = 3

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.floor(3.2) is used to calculate the floor value of the number 3.2. The Math.floor() function rounds down a number to the nearest less or equal integer value. In this example, 3.2 is closer to 3 than 4, the out will be 3.

  1. Math.round(x) :The Math.round() method rounds a number to the nearest integer.
  • It returns the value of x rounded to the nearest integer value.
  • If the decimal part of the number is less than 0.5, it rounds down to the nearest integer value.
  • If the decimal part is equal to or greater than 0.5, it rounds up to the nearest integer value.

Syntax :

Math.round(x)

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Round Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const val1 = Math.round(3.2);
      console.log("Round value = " + val1);

      const val2 = Math.round(3.6);
      console.log("Round value = " + val2);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Round value = 3
Round value = 4

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.round() function is used to round the numbers 3.2 and 3.6 to their nearest integers value. The variable val1 returns rounding down value is 3, and the variable val2 return rounding up value is 4.

  1. Math.pow(x,y) : It returns the value of x raised to the power of y.

Syntax :

Math.pow(x,y)

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Pow Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.pow(2, 2);
      console.log("Power of value = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Power of value = 4

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.pow(2, 2) is used to calculate the value of 2 raised to the power of 2. This function takes two arguments, the base is 2 and the exponent 2. In this example, Math.pow(2, 2) calculates 2 raised to the power of 2, which is 2 * 2 = 4.

  1. Math.abs(x) : This function always returns the positive (+ve) value of x.

Syntax :

Math.abs(x)

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Abs Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const val1 = Math.abs(3.2);
      console.log("Absolute value = " + val1);

      const val2 = Math.abs(-3.2);
      console.log("Absolute value = " + val2);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Absolute value = 3.2
Absolute value = 3.2

In the above example, Math.abs() is used to find the absolute value of -3.2, which returns in variable val2 is 3.2. The Math.abs() function returns -ve numbers to +ve numbers and never changed +ve numbers.

  1. Math.min(x) : It returns the minimum value from the given arguments.

Syntax :

Math.min(x)

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Min Fun</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.min(10, 5, 20);
      console.log("Minimum value = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Min value = 5

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.min(10, 5, 20) is used to find the minimum value from the given values (10, 5, 20). The Math.min() function finds the smallest value from the given numbers and the output is 5.

  1. Math.max(x) : It returns the maximum value from the given arguments.

Syntax :

Math.max()

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Max Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.max(10, 5, 20);
      console.log("Maximum value = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Maximum value = 20

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.min(10, 5, 20) is used to find the maximum value from the given values (10, 5, 20). The Math.max() function finds the largest value from the given numbers and the output is 20.

  1. Math.sqrt(x) : It returns the square root of x.

Syntax :

Math.sqrt(x)

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>Square Root Function</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script>
      const value = Math.sqrt(81);
      console.log("Square Root = " + value);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Output :

Square Root = 9

Example Explanation :

In the above example, Math.sqrt(81) is used to calculate the square root of the given agrument.