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Introduction to C++

C++

bjarne-stroustrup

What is Programming ?​

Programming is the process of instructions that tell a computer how to perform a task.

Why Learn C++?​

Learning C++ is valuable for several reasons:

  • C++ is used to create games, computer applications, operating systems, web browsers, and much more.
  • C++ programs run very quickly and efficiently.
  • It offers a rich set of libraries that make programming easier.
  • With C++, you can break down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts using objects.

What is C++ Programming?​

C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It is a versatile, case-sensitive, and object-oriented programming language. C++ is considered a middle-level language because it combines features of both high-level and low-level languages. Additionally, C++ is an extension of the C language, which means any C program is a valid C++ program.

Object-Oriented Programming​

C++ supports Object-Oriented Programming, which includes four fundamental principles:

  • Encapsulation
  • Data hiding
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism

Example 1 :

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    std::cout << "Hello world!";

    return 0;
}

Output :

Hello world!

Program Explanation​

Line 1: # is a path provider.
include is a directory/folder.
<iostream> is a class.
<iostream> stands for Input Output Flow.

Line 2: int(number) means Return type of your Function.
main() it is a special function which is inbuilt.
It is triggers automatically when program starts, it is the first function of every C++ program that is responsible for starting the execution and termination of the program.

Line 2: { is used to Start of the function.

Line 3: std::cout<<"Hello world!";
std stands for standard namespace. :: is a scope operator.
cout stands for console out.
<< is a function used to output print text to the screen or to flash out it is also called Insertion operator or left shift.
The line cout << "Hello world!"; causes the message "Hello World!" to be displayed on the screen.
; semicolon used to terminate any statement.

Line 4: return 0; return 0 means that the program will execute successfully.

Line 5: } closing curly bracket is used to end the main function.

Hurray! You've successfully run first program of c++ 🎉​

c++